Diagnosis and treatment of AMC
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a blood discharge outside the normal menstrual cycle.
They significantly disrupt the quality of a woman’s life, negatively affecting her physical and psychological state.
What is abnormal uterine bleeding?
This is a blood discharge that goes beyond the normal cycle.
Main features:
- Heavy menstruation.
- Cycle failure.
- Bleeding between menstrual periods.
Bleeding differs from the normal cycle by changing the duration of menstruation and its intensity.
Types:
- Prolonged bleeding is those that last more than 8 days.
- Profuse bleeding – a significant amount of blood released.
- Intermenstrual bleeding: bleeding between menstrual periods.
- Postmenopausal bleeding – after menopause.
Causes of uterine bleeding
Hormonal disorders: imbalance of estrogen and progesterone, lack of ovulation cause cycle disorders and bleeding.
Gynecological diseases:
- Endometriosis causes pain, heavy menstruation, and intermenstrual bleeding.
- Uterine fibroids cause long, heavy periods due to changes in the structure of the uterus.
- Endometrial hyperplasia leads to excess tissue in the uterus, which causes bleeding.
- Polycystic ovaries disrupt hormonal balance and ovulation.
Systemic diseases: blood clotting disorders, anemia, thyroid pathologies change the cycle.
Other factors include stress, medications, and postpartum complications.
Symptoms and signs of AMC
Heavy, prolonged, or painful menstruation may indicate a cycle disorder. Bleeding between cycles, after intercourse, or during menopause requires attention, as it can signal serious illness.
If you feel weak, dizzy, and tired, you should definitely consult a doctor.
Diagnostic methods:
A gynecological examination allows you to assess the patient’s condition and prescribe tests.
Instrumental methods: Pelvic ultrasound to visualize the uterus and ovaries; hysteroscopy to examine the uterine cavity; laparoscopy to diagnose pelvic organs.
Laboratory tests: hormone tests (FSH, LH, progesterone, prolactin, hCG) and coagulogram.
Regular examinations help to detect diseases in time.
Methods of treatment:
Medication treatment: hormone therapy (COCs, progestins) normalizes hormonal levels; antifibrinolytics reduce bleeding; anti-inflammatory drugs relieve pain; iron supplements treat anemia.
Surgical treatment: hysteroscopy to remove polyps, laparoscopy for fibroids or endometriosis, embolization of the uterine arteries in case of fibroids.
Physiotherapy: electrotherapy and magnetotherapy strengthen blood vessels and improve uterine contractions.
Features of treatment in different age groups
Treatment of uterine bleeding in adolescents is aimed at restoring hormonal balance by correcting lifestyle.
In women over 40 and in perimenopause, this includes hormone therapy and, if necessary, surgical treatment.
After menopause, it is necessary to exclude oncological diseases by examining the endometrium.
The role of lifestyle in the prevention and treatment of uterine bleeding
A balanced diet rich in iron, vitamins C and K helps to strengthen the walls of blood vessels.
Quitting bad habits and controlling stress improves overall health.
Physical activity helps maintain hormonal balance and reduces stress.
Prevention of abnormal uterine bleeding
Regular gynecological examinations allow you to detect disorders in time, prevent the development of diseases and complications.
Controlling hormonal levels and treating gynecological diseases helps prevent menstrual irregularities.
Independent use of hormonal drugs can cause serious health problems, so it is important to consult a specialist.